Current as of:  06 April 2007

Sorted by decreasing year (most recent items first, beginning with items "in press")
 

Kumar, A., B. G. Marcot, A. Saxena, S. P. Singh, and A. K. Gupta. In press. The fauna in the tropical forests of Garo Hills, Meghalaya. Pp. xxx-xxx in: J. R. B. Alfred, M. Ahmad, and V. B. Sawarkar, ed. Biodiversity conservation and utilisation. Jyoti Publishers, Dehra Dun. xxx pp.
Abstract:
Information in this chapter is based on our direct observations in Garo Hills and largely on information available from various published and unpublished research papers, official documents, elephant census results, work of local NGOs, interviews with individuals, and observations from several visiting researchers. Zoological Survey of India, Shillong was also the source of intensive inventories of the faunal resources of Garo Hills. However, much information and research on the ecology of animals is lacking in the Garo Hills. Garo Hills harbours more than 600 vertebrate animal species, which is a significant fraction of the total of 958 animal species in Meghalaya. 
    We summarize surveys and population estimates of tiger, elephant and hollock gibbon done by state forest department, and rates of elephant mortality reported by the wildlife divisions of Garo Hills. We describe wildlife-habitat relationships of selected mammal and bird species, including specifically elephants. Local villagers and field staff were interviewed as sources of information on species-habitat relationships. Information on elephant-habitat relationships includes data on elephant densities, population trends, and number of elephants, as correlated with topographic, landscape, vegetation and anthropogenic variables of Garo Hills. Information on mammal species' use of tree species and tree parts suggests that the Grewia microcos, Artocarpus chama, Syzygium cumini, Lapisanthus rubiginosa, Artocarpus gomezianus, Ficus semicordata and Lannea grandis are the most used tree species out of 150 tree species assessed for Garo Hills. Grewia microcos is the common food source for all 15 mammals species that we specifically evaluated. The fruits of this tree species are also preferred by many other mammals and bird species in Garo Hills. Information on bird-habitat relationships includes a list of 184 bird species observed in Garo Hills, with habitat relationships shown for 110 of these species. Twenty-six bird species are restricted to primary forests, although a total of 51 species use primary forest habitat and other habitats. Secondary forests form important habitats for many bird species. Out of 36 birds recorded from jhum areas, 10 are completely restricted to jhum patches only. Out of 36 bird species recorded from Balpakram plateau, 10 species were not seen anywhere else in Garo Hills.

Kumar, A., B. G. Marcot, P. S. Roy, and A. Saxena. In press. The landscape, tropical forests and tree community in South Garo Hills, Meghalaya. Pp. xxx-xxx in: J. R. B. Alfred, M. Ahmad, and V. B. Sawarkar, ed. Biodiversity conservation and utilisation. Jyoti Publishers, Dehra Dun. xxx pp.
Abstract:
Forests of the Garo Hills of western Meghalaya occur in government protected areas and managed forests (15% of the Garo Hills study area) and community lands (85%). There is little formal protection of old native forests and wildlife resources of the region. GIS analysis shows 1742 sq km (71%) of the area has forest cover with low fragmentation. A total of 2236 forest patches have a total 561 sq km core area based on 250-m edge buffers, and 644 forest patches have a total 291 sq km core area based on 500-m edge buffers. Seven intact forest corridors of 274 sq km (92% forest cover) can connect protected areas and reserved forests. 411 tree species of 71 families and 224 genera are reported including their cultural and wildlife use.

Kumar, A., B. G. Marcot, A. K. Gupta, and S. P. Singh. In press. Socioeconomics of modern Garo tribes in the western hills of Meghalaya. Pp. xxx-xxx in: J. R. B. Alfred, M. Ahmad, and V. B. Sawarkar, ed. Biodiversity conservation and utilisation. Jyoti Publishers, Dehra Dun. xxx pp.
Abstract:
Indigenous people (Garos) of the Garo Hills of western Meghalaya, India, practice short-rotation shifting cultivation ("jhum") that has degraded and fragmented old native forests of the region and has led to decline in soil fertility and increase in soil erosion. We delineated zones of influence around existing protected areas and proposed wildlife habitat corridors that could be managed for lessened jhum influence and restoration of old forest cover. Garos and other local indigenous people depend on forest resources for wild food plants and other non-timber products; e.g., they use 108 tree species for food, medicine, timber, fuel, and boats. Such use could be made compatible with forest conservation through a system of village community reserves.

Lehmkuhl, J. F., P. K. Mathur, V. B. Sawarkar, R. S. Holthausen, B. G. Marcot, and M. G. Raphael. In press. Managing Indian forests for biological diversity and productivity. Pp. xxx-xxx in: TBD, ed. TBD. Society for Conservation Biology, TBD. xxx pp.
Abstract:
We describe an approach for integrating protected areas, managed forests, community-owned forests, and the intervening human-dominated matrix to conserve biodiversity and to provide economic and social benefits to urban and rural sectors in forests of India. The Wildlife Institute of India, US Forest Service, Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy, and several state Forest Departments began this work in 1995. We identified four pilot Conservation Areas (CA) that represent major Indian ecosystems: Terai (north India), Garo Hills (northeast), Satpura Range (central), and Anaimalai Hills (south). In each CA we did a biodiversity assessment, compiled wildlife-habitat relationships information, evaluated forest practices and human use, developed management strategies, and worked with field staff to identify management opportunities. A 6-volume management guide (www.wii.gov.in) presents the approach, wildlife-habitat relationships, and results of the four CA case studies. Primary lessons learned were to think broadly across landscapes; coordinate inventory data and analyses; integrate management across ownerships and allocations; consider cumulative effects; refocus silvicultural and other management practices toward biodiversity issues, as well as meeting human needs; and work with field managers and local user communities of the forest. The transition to “biodiversity-based forestry” will require continuing education for professionals and experimentation using adaptive management.

Marcot, B. G., T. A. O'Neil, J. B. Nyberg, J. A. MacKinnon, P. J. Paquet, and D. Johnson. In press. Analyzing key ecological functions as one facet of transboundary subbasin assessment. In: Watershed Management Council Ninth Biennial Conference -- Watersheds Across Boundaries: Science, Sustainability, Security, 3-6 November 2002. Watershed Management Council, Stevenson, WA. Also available online at http://www.nwcouncil.org/fw/subbasinplanning/admin/level3/KEFs.pdf. xxx-xxx pp. 
Abstract:
We present an evaluation of the ecological roles ("key ecological functions" or KEFs) of fish and wildlife as one facet of subbasin assessment in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) of USA and Canada. Using a wildlife-habitat relationships database (IBIS) and GIS, we have mapped KEFs as levels of functional redundancy (numbers of species with particular KEF categories) that may occur within subbasins and subwatersheds historically and at present. Such "functional analyses" complement analyses of habitats and species, and serve to inform on the degree to which wildlife communities are "fully functional" and how that functionality can be influenced by changes in habitats. Our analysis is the first of its kind, particularly in the transboundary CRB. The analysis depicts historic, current, and changes in functional redundancy for selected KEF categories; total functional richness (number of KEF categories performed by all wildlife species in an area); and functional diversity (functional richness weighted by functional redundancy). The maps denote parts of the subbasin that are strong or deficient in specific ecological functions. Land managers could use the maps to guide restoration or conservation priorities for ecological functions of fish and wildlife.

Marcot, B. G. In press. Biodiversity and the lexicon zoo. Forest Ecology and Management xx(xx):xxx-xxx. 
Abstract:
Ecologists and natural resource managers struggle to define and relate biodiversity, biocomplexity, ecological integrity, ecosystem services, and related concepts; to describe effects of disturbance dynamics on biodiversity; and to understand how biodiversity relates to resilience, resistance, and stability of ecosystems and sustainability of resource conditions. Further diversifying this “lexicon zoo” are the ecological roles of rare species and refugia, and measures of surrogates and indicators of biodiversity parameters. To impart order on this lexicon zoo, a "concept map" framework is suggested for clearly defining biodiversity parameters and related terms, relating biodiversity to ecosystem services and sustainability, describing how disturbance affects biodiversity, and identifying biodiversity parameters for management and monitoring. Many relations among these concepts are poorly understood in managed forest environments and are presented here as testable tenets. 

Marcot, B. G., and R. Molina. In press. Chapter 5. Special considerations for the science, conservation, and management of rare or little-known species. Pp. xxx-xxx in: M. G. Raphael and R. Molina, ed. Conservation of rare or little-known species: biological, social, and economic considerations. Island Press, Washington, D.C. xxx pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and C. H. Flather. In press. Chapter 6. Species-level strategies for conserving rare or little-known species. Pp. xxx-xxx in: M. G. Raphael and R. Molina, ed. Conservation of rare or little-known species: biological, social, and economic considerations. Island Press, Washington, D.C. xxx pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and C. H. Sieg. In press. Chapter 7. System-level strategies for conserving rare or little-known species. Pp. xxx-xxx in: M. G. Raphael and R. Molina, ed. Conservation of rare or little-known species: biological, social, and economic considerations. Island Press, Washington, D.C. xxx pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. In press. Characterizing species at risk I: modeling rare species under the Northwest Forest Plan. Ecology and Society xxx:xxx-xxx. 
Abstract:
The Northwest Forest Plan in Pacific Northwest, U.S., includes directives for survey and site protection of hundreds of rare species across many taxonomic classes. To help direct survey activities and prioritize sites and stand conditions for conservation of these species, I developed Bayesian belief network (BBN) models of habitat relationships and multiple stressors predicting presence of 12 rare species, I and present an example of predicting presence and absence of a rare fungus. The BBN models are developed along a rigorous process of expert judgment, peer review, reconciliation, accuracy testing and incremental updating with known site data and validation data. Management implications of prediction errors are discussed.

Marcot, B. G., P. A. Hohenlohe, S. Morey, R. Holmes, R. Molina, M. Turley, M. Huff, and J. Laurence. In press. Characterizing species at risk II: using Bayesian belief networks as decision support tools to determine species conservation categories under the Northwest Forest Plan. Ecology and Society xxx:xxx-xxx. 
Abstract:
We developed a set of decision-aiding models as Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) that represented a complex set of evaluation guidelines used to determine the appropriate conservation of hundreds of potentially rare species on federally-administered lands in the Pacific Northwest, U.S. The models were used in a structured assessment and paneling procedure as part of an adaptive management process that evaluated new scientific information under the Northwest Forest Plan. The models were not prescriptive but helped resource managers and specialists to evaluate complicated and at times conflicting conservation guidelines and to reduce bias and uncertainty in evaluating the scientific data. We concluded that applying the BBN modeling framework to complex and equivocal evaluation guidelines provided a set of clear, intuitive decision-aiding tools that greatly aided the species evaluation process.

Marcot, B. G., and R. Molina. In press. Conservation of other species associated with older forest conditions. Pp. xxx-xxx in: R. Haynes, ed. Northwest Forest Plan - the first ten years (1994-2003): a synthesis of monitoring and research results. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland OR. xxx pp.
Abstract:
The Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) was expected to provide for functional late successional and old-growth (LSOG) forest ecosystems including all associated species and all components of biodiversity. Some 404 species and 4 arthropod species groups were included in the Survey and Manage (SM) program, and 791 species were deemed to not require such mitigation to ensure their persistence. However, no biodiversity monitoring program was established, and assumptions of persistence of species other than fish, spotted owls, and marbled murrelets were not tested. The SM program provided an adaptive management framework for conducting surveys and for evaluating new data on rare species in Annual Species Reviews. Most LSOG species are likely protected under NWFP except the rare species for which much uncertainty remains.

Marcot, B. G., A. Kumar, and A. K. Gupta. In press. Conserving biodiversity in South Garo Hills, Meghalaya: biosocial implications. Pp. xxx-xxx in: J. R. B. Alfred, M. Ahmad, and V. B. Sawarkar, ed. Biodiversity conservation and utilisation. Jyoti Publishers, Dehra Dun. xxx pp.
Abstract:
The biggest challenge to conserving the enormous biodiversity of the Garo Hills region of Meghalaya, India, is in reducing the accelerating impact of short-cycle shifting cultivation ("jhum") practiced by the Garo tribal people of the region. Other challenges include flow of natural resources into Bangladesh, isolation of the region from economic centers, strong religions links to jhum activities, and faltering infrastructures. However, the region still holds most elements of biodiversity of native forests. Improvements can come from adding to protected areas, protecting old native forests in wildlife corridor habitats, and providing older forest elements in heavily jhummed areas. Several potential demonstration projects are suggested.

Marcot, B. G., A. Kumar, P. S. Roy, and G. Talukdar. In press. Elephants, people, and landscapes in the Garo Hills of Meghalaya. Pp. xxx-xxx in: J. R. B. Alfred, M. Ahmad, and V. B. Sawarkar, ed. Biodiversity conservation and utilisation. Jyoti Publishers, Dehra Dun. xxx pp.
Abstract:
We compare patterns of the relations of elephant crude density (from a 1997-98 census) with vegetation, land cover, and human occupation at two spatial scales: All Garo Hills and a subset of South Garo Hills, in western Meghalaya, northeast India. The same elephant census data were used at both scales of analysis, whereas different sets of vegetation, land cover, and human occupation variables were derived from interpretation of remote sensing imagery at 62.5-m2 resolution for All Garo Hills and 23.5-m2 resolution for South Garo Hills. Results of the elephant censuses (from Marak 1998) indicate 1,297 elephants (0.21 elephant/km2) in All Garo Hills and 797 elephants (0.30 elephant/km2) in South Garo Hills. Analyses of elephant-people-habitat relations at both spatial scales consistently suggest that elephant density is related positively to more extensive, intact native forests; and negatively to fragmented forests, more extensive jhum (shifting cultivation) and secondary bamboo forest, and high village density. Correlation results at both spatial scales can suggest quantified management guidelines for maintaining or restoring habitat conditions for elephants. Additional consideration may be placed on 7 elephant habitat corridors serving to link elephant populations among protected areas of the region.

Marcot, B. G., J. D. Steventon, G. D. Sutherland, and R. K. McCann. In press. Guidelines for developing and updating Bayesian belief networks for ecological modeling. Canadian Journal of Forest Research xx:xxx-xxx. 
Abstract:
We provide practical guidelines for developing, testing, and revising Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) for ecological modeling and natural resource conservation. Primary steps in this process include: creating influence diagrams of the “causal web” of key factors affecting a species or ecological outcome of interest; developing an alpha-level BBN model from the influence diagram; revising the model from expert review; testing and calibrating the model with case files, to create a beta-level model; and updating the model structure and conditional probabilities with new validation data, creating the final application gamma-level model. We illustrate and discuss these steps with an empirically-based BBN model of factors influencing probability of capture of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus). Testing and updating BBNs, especially with peer review and calibration, are essential to help ensure their credibility and reduce bias. BBNs are best used as decision-aiding tools, to complement other statistical, probabilistic, and decision- modeling approaches in resource assessments and management decisions. 

Marcot, B. G. In press. Natural resource assessment and risk management. Pp. xxx-xxx in: P. Naim, P.-H. Wuillemin, P. Leray, O. Pourret, and A. Becker, ed. Réseaux Bayésiens (Bayesian networks; in French). Eyrolles, Paris, France. xxx pp.
Abstract:


Molina, R., and B. G. Marcot. In press. Chapter 4. Definitions and attributes of little-known species. Pp. xxx-xxx in: M. G. Raphael and R. Molina, ed. Conservation of rare or little-known species: biological, social, and economic considerations. Island Press, Washington, D.C. xxx pp.
Abstract:


Morrison, M. L., B. G. Marcot, and R. W. Mannan. In press. Wildlife-habitat relationships: concepts and applications. Third edition. Island Press, Washington, D.C. 
Abstract:


Nyberg, J. B., B. G. Marcot, and R. Sulyma. In press. Using Bayesian belief networks in adaptive management. Canadian Journal of Forest Research xx:xxx-xxx. 
Abstract:
Conceptual and predictive models are important elements of adaptive management. Bayesian belief and decision networks are relatively new modelling methods that are especially well suited to adaptive management applications, but they appear not to have been widely used to date. Bayesian networks can serve many purposes for practitioners of adaptive management, from illustrating system relations conceptually to calculating joint probabilities of decision options and predicting outcomes of management policies. We describe the nature and capabilities of Bayesian belief networks and decision networks, discuss their applications to various steps in the adaptive management process, and provide a case example of adaptive management of forests and terrestrial lichens in north-central British Columbia.

O'Neil, T. A., J. A. MacKinnon, D. H. Johnson, P. J. Paquet, J. B. Nyberg, and B. G. Marcot. In press. Wildlife habitat relationships in the Columbia River Basin: cross-border information and applications. Poster presentation and published paper. In: Watershed Management Council Ninth Biennial Conference -- Watersheds Across Boundaries: Science, Sustainability, Security, 3-6 November 2002. Watershed Management Council, Stevenson, WA. xxx-xxx pp. 
Abstract:
This presentation will give conference attendees an overview of the products of international teamwork that has brought together information on 600 species of terrestrial wildlife, fish, and habitats throughout the entire Columbia Basin of both the US and Canada. Collecting and compiling wildlife-habitat information for this project resulted in an assemblage of 7 data matrices: 1) Wildlife-Habitat Types, 2) Structural Conditions, 3) Habitat Elements, 4) Key Ecological Functions, 5) Life History Characteristics, 6) Salmon, and 7) Management Activities. Information in the 7 matrices has undergone Quality Control, and it also incorporates (where appropriate) confidence levels or literature citations to give the user a sense of the reliability of the data. In total, this effort has received support from nearly 40 organization and has taken over 5 years to complete. Our goal is to develop an international wildlife information system that would disseminate high quality information for education and conservation of the Basin's ecosystems. We are now applying the information to sub-basin planning in the Flathead and Kootenay Rivers on both sides of the US-Canada border.

Raphael, M. G., R. Molina, C. H. Flather, R. Holthausen, R. L. Johnson, B. G. Marcot, D. H. Olson, J. D. Peine, C. H. Sieg, and C. S. Swanson. In press. Chapter 12. A process for selecting and implementation of conservation approaches. Pp. xxx-xxx in: M. G. Raphael and R. Molina, ed. Conservation of rare or little-known species: biological, social, and economic considerations. Island Press, Washington, D.C. xxx pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 2007. Owls in native cultures of central Africa and North America. Tyto Newsbrief 11(March):5-9. 
Abstract:


Kumar, A., B. G. Marcot, and P. S. Roy. 2006. Spatial patterns and processes for shifting cultivation landscape in Garo Hills, India. Pp. 63-70 in: R. Lafortezza and G. Sanesi, ed. Patterns and processes in forest landscapes. Consequences of human management. Proceedings of the 4th Meeting of IUFRO Working Party 8.01.03, Sept. 26-29, Locorotondo, Bari, Italy. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali [Italian Academy of Forestry Science], The Netherlands. 551 pp.
Abstract:
We analysed a few spatial patterns and processes of a shifting cultivation landscape in the Garo Hills of Meghalaya state in North East India, where about 85 % of land belongs to native community. The landscape comprised 2459 km2 of land with forest cover and shifting cultivation patches over 69% and 7% area of landscape, respectively. The mean patch sizes ± standard deviations for forest cover and shifting cultivation patches were 0.17 ± 1.86 km2 and 0.03 ± 0.04 km2, respectively. The low fragmentation areas between adjacent PAs and RFs were identified as potential wildlife (elephant) habitat corridors and the Core Area (CA) model revealed 591 patches that held 1468 km2 area inside 500m from nearest edge of patches. Landscape with >40% of forest cover and <30% of current or abundant jhum cover with <2% annual jhum have been reported to support higher elephant densities in study area. 

Lewis, D. P., and B. G. Marcot. 2006. Myth of the tawny frogmouth "owl". The Owl Pages [online] http://www.owlpages.com/articles.php?section=Other+Owl+Stuff&title=Tawny+Frogmouth 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., J. D. Steventon, G. D. Sutherland, and R. K. McCann. 2006. Guidelines for developing and updating Bayesian belief networks applied to ecological modeling and conservation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:3063-3074. 
Abstract:
Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) are useful tools for modeling ecological predictions and aiding resource-management decision-making. We provide practical guidelines for developing, testing, and revising BBNs. Primary steps in this process include creating influence diagrams of the hypothesized "causal web" of key factors affecting a species or ecological outcome of interest; developing a first, alpha-level BBN model from the influence diagram; revising the model after expert review; testing and calibrating the model with case files to create a beta-level model; and updating the model structure and conditional probabilities with new validation data, creating the final-application gamma-level model. We illustrate and discuss these steps with an empirically based BBN model of factors influencing probability of capture of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw)). Testing and updating BBNs, especially with peer review and calibration, are essential to ensure their credibility and reduce bias. Our guidelines provide modelers with insights that allow them to avoid potentially spurious or unreliable models.

Marcot, B. G. 2006. Habitat modeling for biodiversity conservation. Northwestern Naturalist 87(1):56-65. 
Abstract:
Habitat models address only one aspect of biodiversity but can be useful in addressing and managing single or multiple species and ecosystem functions, for projecting disturbance regimes, and in decision support. I review categories and examples of habitat models and their utility for biodiversity conservation and roles in decision support systems. I suggest use of influence diagrams in structuring causal webs, and structural equation modeling to quantify relations, as a general framework for building models of habitat from which known degree of inference can be made to biodiversity parameters.

Marcot, B. G., and J. L. Ohmann. 2006. If a tree falls in the woods, who will measure it? DecAID decayed wood advisor. Science Findings (USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Jonathan Thompson, Science Writer) (83 (May)):1-5. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., S. Morey, and P. R. Phifer. 2006. Summary of results: Threats Workshop, June 1-2, 2006. Internal report to USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Northern Spotted Owl Recovery Team, Interagency Staff Team, Portland, Oregon. 18 pp. 
Abstract:
On June 1, 2006, a panel of seven experts was assembled to help the northern spotted owl recovery team identify the greatest current threats to northern spotted owls (NSO). 

The greatest current rangewide threats identified by the panel were competition from barred owls, loss of habitat amount and distribution from past activities and disturbances, and ongoing habitat loss to timber harvest. The panel noted that evidence of these three threat categories is supported by peer reviewed and published studies. The spread of the threat scores made by the individual panelists was narrowest for barred owl competition and slightly greater for habitat threats. The panel identified disease and effect of climate change on vegetation as potential and more uncertain future threats.

Among 12 physiographic provinces, the more fire-prone provinces (eastern Washington and eastern Oregon Cascades, California Cascades, Oregon and California Klamath) scored high in terms of threats from ongoing habitat loss to wildfire and effects of fire exclusion on vegetation change. Westside provinces (western Washington and western Oregon Cascades, western Washington lowlands, Olympic Peninsula, and Oregon Coast Range) generally scored high on threats from adverse effects of habitat fragmentation and ongoing habitat loss to timber harvest. The province with the fewest number of the highest threats was Western Oregon Cascades and the provinces with the greatest number of the highest threats were Oregon Klamath and Willamette Valley. 

Mellen, K., B. G. Marcot, J. L. Ohmann, K. L. Waddell, S. A. Livingston, E. A. Willhite, B. B. Hostetler, C. Ogden, and T. Dreisbach. 2006. DecAID, the Decayed Wood Advisor for managing snags, partially dead trees, and down wood for biodiversity in forests of Washington and Oregon. Version 2.0. http://wwwnotes.fs.fed.us:81/pnw/DecAID/DecAID.nsf. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station and Pacific Northwest Region, and USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon. 
Abstract:


Molina, R., B. G. Marcot, and R. Lesher. 2006. Protecting rare, old-growth forest associated species under the survey and manage guidelines of the Northwest Forest Plan. Conservation Biology 20(2):306-318. 
Abstract:
The Survey and Manage Program of the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) represents an unparalleled attempt to protect rare, little-known species associated with late-successional and old-growth forests on more than 9.7 million ha of federal lands. Approximately 400 species of amphibians, bryophytes, fungi, lichens, mollusks, vascular plants, arthropod functional groups, and one mammal were listed under this program because viability evaluations indicated the plan’s network of reserve land allocations might not sustain the species over time. The program’s standards and guidelines used an adaptive approach, protecting known sites and collecting new information to address concerns for species persistence and to develop management strategies. Since implementation in 1994, approximately 68,000 known sites have been recorded at an expense of several tens of millions of dollars. New knowledge from surveys reduced concern for nearly 100 species, and they were removed from the protection list. Although successful in protecting hundreds of rare species not typically considered in most conservation programs, some of the enacted conservation measures created conflicts in meeting other management objectives of the plan, particularly timber harvest. The program accrued important gains in knowledge, reduced uncertainty about conservation of a number of species, and developed new methods of species inventory that will be useful in future management planning and implementation at many scales. The program, however, was not completed because of changes in land-management philosophy. Ongoing litigation regarding its termination and potential changes to the plan cast further uncertainty on how the original goal of maintaining persistence of late-successional and old-growth species will be met and measured. The outcomes, controversies, and management frustrations of the program exemplify the inherent difficulties in balancing broad, regional conservation goals with social and economic goals of the NWFP. Defining acceptable trade-offs to reach that balance and developing practical conservation solutions remain challenges for the science and management communities. Lessons learned from the programprovide a valuable biological and managerial reference to benefit future discussion on meeting those challenges.

Marcot, B. G. 2005. The ecological and cultural functions of invertebrates in the Congo River Basin. Wings 28(Spring)(1):13-17. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and J. B. Nyberg. 2005. The future of forest biodiversity conservation amidst development: reflection and vision. International Forestry Review 7(5):21. 
Abstract:
Evaluating anthropogenic influences on biodiversity should span freshwater, aquatic, marine, and terrestrial environments. Protected areas alone cannot save biodiversity because boundary effects pervade landscapes, as learnt from the situation in Zimbabwe. Instead, we should clearly articulate goals and realistic expectations for biodiversity elements on each land use allocation, as being attempted in India. Relying only on threatened, endemic, indicator, flagship, and umbrella species will not suffice. We must look across taxonomic and functional groups, and also better account for local extirpations of species, subspecies, demes, and metapopulations. We need a clear classification and valuation method of ecosystem services. Trends of simplification as seen in Germany and China, and the conversion and loss of forests witnessed in Ecuador, have degraded biodiversity, but variable retention in Canadian forests and selection harvesting practices adopted in Russia, can help maintain forest biodiversity elements. Integrating cultural and religious interests with sustenance and conservation will be a major theme in Alaska, , northern Canada, Malawi, and northeast India. We need to emphasize biodiversity conservation more at local project scales as in Cameroon and Congo, and encourage partnerships among landowners and local residents. Governments can assist by providing incentives for stewardship as well as legislated conservation mandates and targets. Landscape ecology should be used to redesign urban sprawl and reduce impacts on hydrologic systems as in Florida. Ultimately, population density and growth in countries like China, India, and Mexico will determine what our planet will be capable of producing and supporting for centuries to come.

Marcot, B. G. 2005. Habitat modeling for biodiversity conservation (abstract). Northwestern Naturalist 86(2):107. 
Abstract:
Habitat models address only one aspect of biodiversity but can be useful in addressing and managing single or multiple species and ecosystem functions, for projecting disturbance regimes, and in decision support. I review categories and examples of habitat models and their utility for biodiversity conservation and roles in decision support systems. I suggest use of influence diagrams in structuring causal webs, and structural equation modeling to quantify relations, as a general framework for building models of habitat from which known degree of inference can be made to biodiversity parameters.

Marcot, B. G. 2005. Meeting with southern Oregon Mardon skipper team. USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management, Interagency Special Status and Sensitive Species Programs. Portland, Oregon. 12 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 2005. Observations of owls in western Democratic Republic of the Congo, (with a note on African wood owl vocalizations). (Also available on OwlPages.com http://owlpages.com/articles/Owls_Congo.html). Tyto IX(IV):9-15. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 2005. Two turtles from western Democratic Republic of the Congo: Pelusios chapini and Kinixys erosa. World Chelonia Trust Newsletter 8:1-2,8. 
Abstract:


O'Neil, T. A., P. Bettinger, B. G. Marcot, B. W. Luscombe, G. T. Koeln, H. J. Bruner, C. Barrett, J. A. Gaines, and S. Bernatas. 2005. Application of spatial technologies in wildlife biology. Pp. 418-447 in: C. E. Braun, ed. Wildlife techniques manual, 6th edition. The Wildlife Society, Washington, D.C. pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., G. Gunderson, K. Mellen, and J. L. Ohmann. 2004. DecAID Advisor: a tool for managing snags, down wood and wood decay in forests of Washington and Oregon. Western Forester 49(4):12-13. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., K. Mellen, J. L. Ohmann, K. L. Waddell, S. A. Livingson, E. A. Willhite, B. B. Hostetler, C. Ogden, and T. Dreisbach. 2004. DecAID: the decayed wood advisor for managing snags, partially dead trees, and down wood for biodiversity in forests of Washington and Oregon. Brochure. http://216.48.37.142/pubs/viewpub.jsp?index=6233. In: 2003 PNW Innovation Fair. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon. 
Abstract:
This brochure introduces DecAID Advisor, an on-line, Internet-accessible advisory system for managing snags, down wood, and other wood decay elements for biodiversity in forests of Washington and Oregon. The brochure addresses the intent, content, and use of DecAID Advisor, and provides its Web site address.

Marcot, B. G., K. Mellen, J. L. Ohmann, K. L. Waddell, S. A. Livingson, E. A. Willhite, B. B. Hostetler, C. Ogden, and T. Dreisbach. 2004. DecAID: the decayed wood management advisor. Poster panel presentation. In: 2003 PNW Innovation Fair. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon. 
Abstract:
Poster panels on the DecAID Advisor Web site of USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region and Pacific Northwest Research Station. DecAID Advisor is an on-line Internet-accessible advisory system that presents a synthesis of data on wildlife, inventory, insects and pathogens, fungi, and ecosystem processes related to wood decay elements including snags and down wood, in forests of Washington and Oregon. This presentation provides a brief overview of the purpose, use, and content of DecAID Advisor.

Marcot, B. G., K. Mellen, J. L. Ohmann, K. L. Waddell, S. A. Livingson, E. A. Willhite, B. B. Hostetler, C. Ogden, and T. Dreisbach. 2004. DecAID: the decayed wood management advisor. Powerpoint presentation. Available at: http://www.fs.fed.us/wildecology/decaid/decaid_background/decaid_powerpoint.htm. In: 2003 PNW Innovation Fair. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon. 
Abstract:
Powerpoint presentation on the DecAID Advisor Web site of USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region and Pacific Northwest Research Station. DecAID Advisor is an on-line Internet-accessible advisory system that presents a synthesis of data on wildlife, inventory, insects and pathogens, fungi, and ecosystem processes related to wood decay elements including snags and down wood, in forests of Washington and Oregon. This presentation provides a brief overview of the purpose, use, and content of DecAID Advisor.

Marcot, B. G., and R. Alexander. 2004. Exploratory trip to Democratic Republic of the Congo, August 20 - September 15, 2004. Trip report for International Programs Office, USDA Forest Service, Washington, D.C. Available from: http://carpe.umd.edu/products/PDF_files/USFS_DRC_Cmmnty_Forestry_%20Aug2004_Eng.pdf [English], and http://plexusowls.com/PDFs/USFS_DRC_Community_Forestry_French.pdf [French, only through Section 9]. 88 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B., T. O'Neil, P. Paquet, D. Parkin, C. Scheeler, and D. H. Johnson. 2004. Interpreting results of wildlife and integrated fish-wildlife subbasin assessments for subbasin planning. Internal report. Northwest Power and Conservation Council. Portland, OR. pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 2004. Owls in Malawi and eastern Zambia. Tyto (Tyto-Newsbrief, International Owl Society, September 2004) 9(2):11-13. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 2004. Wood decay in healthy forests: the paradox and the promise. Western Forester 49(4):4-5. 
Abstract:


Aubry, K. B., J. P. Hayes, B. L. Biswell, and B. G. Marcot. 2003. The ecological role of tree-dwelling mammals in western coniferous forests. Pp. 405-443 in: C. J. Zabel and R. G. Anthony, ed. Mammal community dynamics: management and conservation in the coniferous forests of western North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK. 709 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 2003. Bayesian belief networks as decision modeling tools for the 2003 Annual Species Review: an introduction for Step 3 panelists. The Survey and Manage Program, Northwest Forest Plan, USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management, Portland, Oregon. BLM intranet web site: http://web.or.blm.gov/ForPlan/Bayesian/smbbn_home.html. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and J. L. Ohmann. 2003. Decayed wood advisor and management aid. The Ornithological Newsletter 155:[http://birds.cornell.edu/OSNA/155.htm]. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 2003. Decayed wood advisor and management aid now available. The Wildlifer July-August:8 [http://www.fs.fed.us/wildecology/decaid/decaid_background/decaid_home.htm#mainmenu]. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 2003. Frequently asked questions (FAQs) on functional assessments for subbasin planning. http://www.nwhi.org/ibis/subbasin/FAQ.asp. Northwest Power and Conservation Council. Portland, OR. pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and K. B. Aubry. 2003. The functional diversity of mammals in coniferous forests of western North America. Pp. 631-664 in: C. J. Zabel and R. G. Anthony, ed. Mammal community dynamics: management and conservation in the coniferous forests of western North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK. 709 pp.
Abstract:
KEFs
key ecological functions

Marcot, B. G., and T. O'Neil. 2003. Glossary of terms - wildlife analyses. http://www.nwhi.org/ibis/subbasin/glossary.asp. Northwest Power and Conservation Council. Portland, OR. pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and J. L. Ohmann. 2003. New decayed wood planning tool available. Western Forester 48 [July/August](4):17 [http://www.forestry.org/pdf/aug03.pdf]. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and J. L. Ohmann. 2003. New publication. Society for Conservation Biology Newsletter 10(3):[http://www.conbio.org/SCB/Publications/Newsletter/Archives/2003-8-August/v10n3010.cfm]. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and D. H. Johnson. 2003. Owls in mythology and culture. Pp. 88-105 in: J. R. Duncan, ed. Owls of the world: their lives, behavior and survival. Key Porter Books, Ltd., Toronto, Canada. 319 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., B. C. Wales, and R. Demmer. 2003. Range maps of terrestrial species and natural areas in the interior Columbia River Basin and northern portions of the Klamath and Great Basins. Gen. Tech. Rpt. PNW-GTR-583. Available at: http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/gtr583/. USDA Forest Service. Portland OR. 304 pp. 
Abstract:
Current range distribution maps are presented for 14 invertebrate, 26 amphibian, 26 reptile, 339 bird, and 125 mammal species and selected subspecies (530 total taxa) of the interior Columbia River basin and northern portions of the Klamath and Great Basins in the United States. Also presented are maps of historical ranges of 3 bird and 10 mammal species, and 6 maps of natural areas designated by federal agencies and other organizations. The species range maps were derived from a variety of publications and from expert review and unpublished data, and thus differ in degree of accuracy and resolution. The species maps are available in computer versions and are indexed herein by common and scientific names.

Marcot, B. G. 2003. Science Advisor report for the Annual Species review 2003, Step 3 Floral Species Panel. Internal report 2-4 September 2003. For: Regional Ecosystem Office, Survey and Manage Species Program, Northwest Forest Plan. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. Portland OR. 4 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and M. Turley. 2003. Statistical analysis of Step 3 voting patterns -- Annual Species review 2002. Internal report 17 October 2002, updated 24 January 2003 from December 2002 Panels. For: Regional Ecosystem Office, Survey and Manage Species Program, Northwest Forest Plan. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. Portland OR. 20 pp. 
Abstract:
We found no bias in the voting patterns among IMG members, other managers, and specialists, who constituted the Step 3 panels, which convened September 2002 for the Annual Species Review of the Survey and Manage Species Program.

Marcot, B. G. 2003. Statistical analysis of Step 3 voting patterns -- Annual Species review 2003. Internal report 27 October 2003. For: Regional Ecosystem Office, Survey and Manage Species Program, Northwest Forest Plan. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. Portland OR. 8 pp. 
Abstract:
I found no bias in the voting patterns among the managers and specialists of the Step 3 panels, which convened September 2003 for the Annual Species Review of the Survey and Manage Species Program.

Marcot, B., T. O'Neil, D. Parkin, and C. Barrett. 2003. Using the Interactive Biodiversity Information System (IBIS): a tutorial for subbasin planners. http://www.nwhi.org/ibis/subbasin/IBISSubbasinPlanningTutorial08-20-03.htm. Northwest Power and Conservation Council. Portland, OR. 21 pp. 
Abstract:
The purpose of this tutorial or user's manual is to steer the user through the wealth of information available in IBIS. We describe the various data components and their basis, assumptions, potential uses, and limitations.

McNay, R. S., A. M. Doucette, R. K. McCann, D. C. Heard, B. G. Marcot, R. Sulyma, and R. Ellis. 2003. An assessment of conservation policy for pine-lichen winter ranges used by caribou in north-central British Columbia. CLUPE Project: Implementation of the Mackenzie LRMP Caribou Management Strategy. Wildlife Infometrics Report No. 049. Wildlife Infometrics Inc. Mackenzie, British Columbia, Canada. 27 pp. 
Abstract:
Current policy for conserving seasonal ranges used by caribou in north-central British Columbia was established through a process of public and stakeholder consultation. As a preliminary implementation task, we modeled application of the resulting policy to 3 areas (3 million hectares) occupied by caribou and assessed the likely effectiveness of the policy as a conservation mechanism in one of the areas. Forecasting the future, 200-year, spatially-explicit supply of seasonal ranges for caribou required the use of a variety of modeling tools including: 1) a stochastic disturbance simulator controlled by policy rules, 2) a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) portraying the ecological factors and relationships used to estimate caribou's seasonal range preferences, 3) a Geographic Information System (GIS) to implement spatial rules, and 4) database tools to handle information transition among model components and to simulate forest succession. Predicting caribou preference for pine-lichen winter range depended on terrain and vegetation values, which were modified by potential snow conditions and by risk of predation from wolves. The BBN was constructed using expert opinion and was assessed using data from relocations of radio-collared caribou collected over 4 years. The BBN allowed us to: 1) articulate decision criteria for different levels of management resolution, 2) identify criteria and indicators useful for monitoring policy implementation, and 3) describe uncertainty and risk associated with management. We make note of useful techniques for constructing BBN's and the use of animal relocations as tests of the modeled relationships. We also discuss where the modeling process indicated policy changes might be required to more successfully manage the conservation of pine-lichen winter range for northern caribou.

Mellen, K., B. G. Marcot, J. L. Ohmann, K. L. Waddell, S. A. Livingston, E. A. Willhite, B. B. Hostetler, C. Ogden, and T. Dreisbach. 2003. DecAID, the Decayed Wood Advisor for managing snags, partially dead trees, and down wood for biodiversity in forests of Washington and Oregon. Version 1.10. http://wwwnotes.fs.fed.us:81/pnw/DecAID/DecAID.nsf. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station and Pacific Northwest Region, and USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon. 
Abstract:


Scheeler, C. A., P. Ashley, W. Blosser, D. H. Johnson, J. Kagan, C. Macdonald, B. G. Marcot, T. A. O'Neil, P. J. Paquet, D. Parkin, E. Roderick, P. Roger, A. Sondenaa, and S. Soults. 2003. A technical guide for developing wildlife elements of a subbasin plan. http://www.nwcouncil.org/fw/subbasinplanning/admin/guides/wildlife.pdf. Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority, and Northwest Power Planning Council. Portland, OR. 20 pp. 
Abstract:
This document provides a template to assist subbasin planners in developing the wildlife element of subbasin plans as part of the Northwest Power Planning Council's (NWPPC) Provincial/Subbasin Planning program. It will also be useful to ecoprovincial planners for it attempts to show how the subbasin and provincial levels will be integrated. This document was developed to promote planning consistency in the Columbia River Basin, to provide a structure for the main wildlife components of a subbasin plan, and provide information on the analysis tools. While the ecoprovincial level guidance is primarily directed at subbasin planners in Oregon and Washington, the principles are also applicable to Idaho and Montana planners.
This guidance is provided in six sections: 1) Context for Wildlife in Subbasin Planning, 2) Approach to Incorporation of Wildlife in Subbasin Planning, 3) Approach to Wildlife Assessment, 4) Connecting Subbasin and Ecoprovince Planning Efforts, 5) Outline for Subbasin Plan (with terrestrial/wildlife sections highlighted) and 6) Literature Cited.

Kumar, A., A. K. Gupta, B. G. Marcot, A. Saxena, S. P. Singh, and T. T. C. Marak. 2002. Management of forests in India for biological diversity and forest productivity, a new perspective. Volume IV: Garo Hills Conservation Area (GCA). Wildlife Institute of India-USDA Forest Service collaborative project report. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun. 206 pp. 
Abstract:


Lehmkuhl, J. F., S. K. Srivastava, B. G. Marcot, and V. B. Sawarkar. 2002. Chapter 5: Next steps. Pp. 57-70 in: P. K. Mathur, J. F. Lehmkuhl, and V. B. Sawarkar, ed. Management of forests in India for biological diversity and forest productivity, a new perspective - Volume I: Concepts, approaches, and project overview, Wildlife Institute of India-USDA Forest Service Collaborative Project Report. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, India. 70 pp.
Abstract:
ISBN : 81-85496-17-X

Marcot, B. G., and M. G. Raphael. 2002. Chapter 1: Wildlife-habitat relationships (WHR) in conservation areas. Pp. 1-8 in: P. K. Mathur, J. F. Lehmkuhl, and V. B. Sawarkar, ed. Management of forests in India for biological diversity and forest productivity, a new perspective - Volume II: Wildlife-habitat relationships (WHR) in conservation areas, Wildlife Institute of India-USDA Forest Service Collaborative Project Report. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, India. 224 pp.
Abstract:
ISBN : 81-85496-18-8

Marcot, B. G., M. G. Raphael, R. S. Holthausen, and V. B. Sawarkar. 2002. Chapter 2: Concepts and applications of landscape planning and management. Pp. 5-32 in: P. K. Mathur, J. F. Lehmkuhl, and V. B. Sawarkar, ed. Management of forests in India for biological diversity and forest productivity, a new perspective - Volume I: Concepts, approaches, and project overview, Wildlife Institute of India-USDA Forest Service Collaborative Project Report. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, India. 70 pp.
Abstract:
ISBN : 81-85496-17-X

Marcot, B. G., J. F. Lehmkuhl, and M. G. Raphael. 2002. Chapter 4: Summary and synthesis of lessons learned in four conservation areas. Pp. 47-56 in: P. K. Mathur, J. F. Lehmkuhl, and V. B. Sawarkar, ed. Management of forests in India for biological diversity and forest productivity, a new perspective - Volume I: Concepts, approaches, and project overview, Wildlife Institute of India-USDA Forest Service Collaborative Project Report. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, India. 70 pp.
Abstract:
ISBN : 81-85496-17-X

Marcot, B. G., K. Mellen, S. A. Livingston, and C. Ogden. 2002. The DecAID advisory model: wildlife component. Pp. 561-590 In: W. F. Laudenslayer, Jr, P. J. Shea, B. E. Valentine, C. P. Weatherspoon, and T. E. Lisle (Ed.). Proceedings of the Symposium on The Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in Western Forests, 2-4 November 1999, Reno, Nevada. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station General Technical Report PSW-GTR-181. 949 pp. 
Abstract:
The wildlife component of DecAID is based on a thorough review, analysis, and synthesis of the empirical literature on wildlife-dead wood relations. The wildlife analysis consists of compiling data on snag and log size, snag density, and amounts of down wood related to individual species or groups of wildlife species as presented in the literature, for various habitats and types of wildlife use (breeding, feeding, roosting). The wildlife use data are arranged in 3 cumulative species richness curves representing means and plus or minus one standard error (or equivalent variant), which are interpreted as levels of confidence of providing for individual species or groups along the curves. One can consult the curves to determine (1) for a given snag or down wood level which species or groups are provided, at three levels of confidence, and (2) for a target objective of providing for a specified percent of species, the levels of snags or down wood needed to achieve that objective. Given the outcome, the other components of the DecAID model can then be consulted to determine hazards or mitigation for risks of fire and insects and disease, and to provide for fungi and non-pest invertebrates.

Marcot, B. G., K. Mellen, J. L. Ohmann, K. L. Waddell, E. A. Willhite, B. B. Hostetler, S. A. Livingson, C. Ogden, and T. Dreisbach. 2002. The DecAID repository: background information for DecAID, the decayed wood advisor for managing snags, partially dead trees, and down wood for biodiversity in forests of Washington and Oregon. On-line at: http://www.fs.fed.us/wildecology/decaid/decaid_background/decaid_home.htm. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station and Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 2002. An ecological functional basis for managing decaying wood for wildlife. Pp. 895-910 In: W. F. Laudenslayer, Jr, P. J. Shea, B. E. Valentine, C. P. Weatherspoon, and T. E. Lisle (Ed.). Proceedings of the Symposium on The Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in Western Forests, 2-4 November 1999, Reno, Nevada. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station General Technical Report PSW-GTR-181. 949 pp. 
Abstract:
The traditional approach to managing decaying wood for wildlife has been to list species associated with snags, down wood, and other wood decay elements. An expanded approach more consistent with the spirit of ecosystem management would also describe how the ecological roles of species also affect wood decay elements, and how providing for wood decay elements in turn provides for a suite of species whose key ecological functions (KEFs) influence the ecosystem far beyond those decay elements per se. This expanded approach describes the "functional web" of how managing for wood decay elements in turn helps support a surprisingly wide array of ecological functions within ecosystems, such as many trophic relations, soil aeration, and dispersal of fungi, lichens, seeds, fruits, plants, and invertebrates. An example displays this functional web for wildlife species associated with various wood decay elements (snags, down wood, litter, duff, mistletoe brooms, dead parts of live trees, hollow living trees, natural tree cavities, bark crevices, and live remnant or legacy trees) in Washington and Oregon. The challenge is posed for management is to think functionally and beyond simple species-habitat relations.

Marcot, B. G. 2002. Ecosystem processes related to wood decay. in: B. G. Marcot, K. Mellen, J. L. Ohmann, K. L. Waddell, E. A. Willhite, B. B. Hostetler, S. A. Livingson, C. Ogden, and T. Dreisbach, ed. The DecAID repository: background information for DecAID, the decayed wood advisor for managing snags, partially dead trees, and down wood for biodiversity in forests of Washington and Oregon. On-line at: http://www.fs.fed.us/wildecology/decaid/decaid_background/decaid_home.htm. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station and Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon. pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 2002. How to use DecAID: a tutorial. in: B. G. Marcot, K. Mellen, J. L. Ohmann, K. L. Waddell, E. A. Willhite, B. B. Hostetler, S. A. Livingson, C. Ogden, and T. Dreisbach, ed. The DecAID repository: background information for DecAID, the decayed wood advisor for managing snags, partially dead trees, and down wood for biodiversity in forests of Washington and Oregon. On-line at: http://www.fs.fed.us/wildecology/decaid/decaid_background/decaid_home.htm. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station and Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon. pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., W. E. McConnaha, P. H. Whitney, T. A. O'Neil, P. J. Paquet, L. E. Mobrand, G. R. Blair, L. C. Lestelle, K. M. Malone, and K. I. Jenkins. 2002. A multi-species framework approach for the Columbia River Basin: integrating fish, wildlife, and ecological functions. On CD-ROM and Web: http://www.edthome.org/framework. Northwest Power Planning Council. Portland, Oregon. pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., A. Kumar, P. S. Roy, V. B. Sawarkar, A. Gupta, and S. N. Sangama. 2002. Towards a landscape conservation strategy: analysis of jhum landscape and proposed corridors for managing elephants in South Garo Hills District and Nokrek area, Meghalaya. (English with Hindi summary). The Indian Forester (February):207-216. 
Abstract:
In the South Garo Hills District and Norkrek area of western Meghalaya, statistical analyses suggest very low elephant densities and greatest declines of elephants in areas with >10% bamboo and secondary forest (6-10 years old) and >10% scrub and abandoned jhum fields (old fallow jhum 3-6 years old). Elephant densities are highest, and declines are the least, in areas with >25% semi-evergreen forest (old secondary forests 15-30+ years old). Data on elephant sign (use) in the field generally support these findings, with selection by elephants (i.e., use significantly exceeding availability) for native semi-evergreen forest, and lack of selection (use significantly less than availability) for deciduous forests (including sal forest, teak, and cashew plantations) and for scrub and abandoned jhum fields. To maintain elephant populations in the South Garo Hills District and Nokrek area, we suggest official delineation of 7 elephant habitat corridors that we mapped as having low degree of fragmentation of forest cover and a high proportion of contiguous, semi-evergreen and evergreen forest cover.

Mellen, K., B. G. Marcot, J. L. Ohmann, K. L. Waddell, E. A. Willhite, B. B. Hostetler, S. A. Livingson, and C. Ogden. 2002. DecAID: a decaying wood advisory model for Oregon and Washington. Pp. 527-533 In: W. F. Laudenslayer, Jr, P. J. Shea, B. E. Valentine, C. P. Weatherspoon, and T. E. Lisle (Ed.). Proceedings of the Symposium on The Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in Western Forests, 2-4 November 1999, Reno, Nevada. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station General Technical Report PSW-GTR-181. 949 pp. 
Abstract:
DecAID is a knowledge-base advisory model provides guidance to managers in determining the size, amount, and distribution of dead and decaying wood (dead and partially dead trees and down wood) necessary to maintain wildlife habitat and ecosystem functions. The model is intended to update and replace the snag-wildlife models presented in Thomas (1979) and Brown (1985). While the relationship of dead and decaying wood to wildlife habitat is a major component of the model, DecAID also provides expert advice on prescribing and interpreting existing conditions of dead wood with regards to: wild and prescribed fire and fuels, pest and non-pest insects, disease, fungi, and use of inventory data to describe current managed and natural levels of dead wood. The model also produces a list of ecosystem functions performed by those species associated with dead and decaying wood. Advice on the distribution of dead wood at the stand and landscape scale is provided in the model.

Olsen, J., B. G. Marcot, and S. Trost. 2002. Do southern boobooks Ninox novaeseelandiae duet? Pp. 320-328 in: I. Newton, R. Kavanagh, J. Olsen, and I. Taylor, ed. Ecology and conservation of owls. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. pp.
Abstract:


Sawarkar, V. B., and B. G. Marcot. 2002. Chapter 2: Methods for wildlife-habitat relationships (WHR). Pp. 9-14 in: P. K. Mathur, J. F. Lehmkuhl, and V. B. Sawarkar, ed. Management of forests in India for biological diversity and forest productivity, a new perspective - Volume II: Wildlife-habitat relationships (WHR) in conservation areas, Wildlife Institute of India-USDA Forest Service Collaborative Project Report. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, India. 224 pp.
Abstract:
ISBN : 81-85496-18-8

Berwick, S., B. G. Marcot, P. Paquet, and P. Whitney. 2001. Ecosystem-selection of wildlife species for comparing future landscape alternatives in the Columbia River Basin. Pp. 61-63 in: R. Field, R. J. Warren, H. Okarma, and P. R. Sievert, ed. Wildlife, land, and people: priorities for the 21st century. The Wildlife Society, Bethesda, Maryland. pp.
Abstract:


Cederholm, C. J., D. H. Johnson, R. E. Bilby, L. G. Dominguez, A. M. Garrett, W. H. Graeber, E. L. Greda, M. D. Kunze, B. G. Marcot, J. F. Palmisano, R. W. Plotnikoff, W. G. Pearcy, C. A. Simenstad, and P. C. Trotter. 2001. Pacific salmon and wildlife: ecological contexts, relationships, and implications for management. Pp. 628-685 in: D. H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis OR. pp.
Abstract:


Fimbel, R. A., A. Grajal, J. G. Robinson, and all_chapter_contributors. 2001. Logging and wildlife in the tropics: impacts and options for conservation. Pp. 667-695 in: R. A. Fimbel, A. Grajal, and J. G. Robinson, ed. The cutting edge: conserving wildlife in logged tropical forests. Columbia Univ. Press, N.Y. pp.
Abstract:


Kumar, A., A. Saxena, B. G. Marcot, V. B. Sawarkar, P. S. Roy, P. K. Mathur, and S. P. Singh. 2001. Forest fragmentation in the tropical forest ecosystem of Garo Hills, Meghalaya, northeast India. In: P. S. Roy, S. Singh, and A. G. Toxopeus (Ed.). Proceedings of a workshop on Biodiversity and Environment: Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Perspective. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, National Remote Sensing Agency, Dehra Dun, India. 174-196 pp. 
Abstract:


Lehmkuhl, J. F., B. G. Marcot, and T. Quinn. 2001. Characterizing species at risk. Pp. 474-500 in: D. H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis OR. pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. 2001. Appendix 3: Terrestrial wildlife plan assumptions and directions. Pp. 118-121 in: R. W. Haynes and G. E. Perez, ed. Northwest Forest Plan research synthesis. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-498. USDA Forest Service, Portland OR. pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. 2001. Chapter 4: Research results to date. Wildlife conservation and population viability issues. Pp. 24-29 in: R. W. Haynes and G. E. Perez, ed. Northwest Forest Plan research synthesis. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-498. USDA Forest Service, Portland OR. pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and M. Vander Heyden. 2001. Key ecological functions of wildlife species. Pp. 168-186 in: D. H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis OR. pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., R. E. Gullison, and J. R. Barborak. 2001. Protecting habitat elements and natural areas in the managed forest matrix. Pp. 523-558 in: R. A. Fimbel, A. Grajal, and J. G. Robinson, ed. The cutting edge: conserving wildlife in logged tropical forests. Columbia Univ. Press, N.Y. pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., R. S. Holthausen, M. G. Raphael, M. M. Rowland, and M. J. Wisdom. 2001. Using Bayesian belief networks to evaluate fish and wildlife population viability under land management alternatives from an environmental impact statement. Forest Ecology and Management 153(1-3):29-42. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 2001. Visiting scientist report - WII-USFS collaborative project. Wildlife Instititue of India Newsletter 8(3):6. 
Abstract:
From 23 August to 16 September I visited the WII campus along with 3 other U.S. colleagues (Dr. Martin Raphael, Dr. John Lehmkuhl, and Mr. Richard Holthausen). This was one of the final technical team visits from the U.S. for the WII-U.S. Forest Service Collaboration Project on "A Guide for Managing Forests for Biological Diversity and Forest Productivity." Phase I of the project was 1990-1994, and Phase II 1995-2001. The WII Principal Investigator is Shri V. B. Sawarkar, Dean, Faculty of Wildlife Science.
    This major, 11-year project has provided a new way of thinking about managing for biodiversity at the landscape scale, by taking into account all types of lands, across multiple spatial scales, for multiple wildlife species and resource management needs. We have together provided a conceptual framework, the scientific basis, specific procedures for analysis and operations, and evaluations of selected demonstration areas, about how to integrate resource assessment and management for biodiversity at the landscape level.
    Final products of the project, due in November 2001, will include a 6-volume series, to be printed by WII. The volumes are being produced in collaboration and intense interaction among four full-time researchers, the U.S. team of scientists, selected WII faculty, field managers of four field project sites, and representative faculty from collaborating institutions of IGNFA and the Indian Institute of Remote Sensing.
    Volume 1 is addressing the conceptual and scientific basis for the approach, and should be of use to any manager or researcher interested in such an approach anywhere. Volume 2 is on wildlife-habitat relationships and will include a framework for how to evaluate multiple wildlife species simultaneously, and narrative summaries of life histories of 184 wildlife species selected to represent various criteria of rarity, endemism, management focus, habitat associations, and other factors. Volumes 3-6 are intensive case studies of four "conservation areas" selected across India to represent a great diversity of cultural situations, ecological conditions, site histories, and management challenges. The four sites include the Anamalais in south India, the Garo Hills of western Meghalaya in the northeast, the Satpura ranges in central India, and the Terai of the greater Dudhwa National Park region.
    Many useful lessons have already been learned from this project, principally the need to think broadly across major landscape areas when managing for native species and communities. This includes the need to coordinate data, analyses, and management across different land ownerships and allocations. Cumulative effects in buffer areas or zones of influence outside existing protected areas, or even along international borders, are also to be taken into account when developing site-specific management plans. Also, an integrated resource management approach at all spatial scales is seen as the best way to avoid conflicts in resource use and to plan for appropriate ways to conserve biodiversity in managed forests.

O'Neil, T. A., D. H. Johnson, C. Barrett, M. Trevithick, K. A. Bettinger, C. Kiilsgaard, M. Vander Heyden, E. L. Greda, D. Stinson, B. G. Marcot, P. J. Doran, S. Tank, and L. Wunder. 2001. Matrixes for wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. CD-ROM. in: D. H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis OR. pp.
Abstract:


O'Neil, T. A., K. A. Bettinger, M. Vander Heyden, B. G. Marcot, C. Barrett, T. K. Mellen, W. M. Vander Haegen, D. H. Johnson, P. J. Doran, L. Wunder, and K. M. Boula. 2001. Structural conditions and habitat elements of Oregon and Washington. Pp. 115-139 in: D. H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis OR. pp.
Abstract:


Raphael, M. G., M. J. Wisdom, M. M. Rowland, R. S. Holthausen, B. C. Wales, B. G. Marcot, and T. D. Rich. 2001. Status and trends of habitats of terrestrial vertebrates in relation to land management in the interior Columbia River Basin. Forest Ecology and Management 153(1-3):63-87. 
Abstract:


Rose, C. L., B. G. Marcot, T. K. Mellen, J. L. Ohmann, K. L. Waddell, D. L. Lindley, and B. Schreiber. 2001. Decaying wood in Pacific Northwest forests: concepts and tools for habitat management. Pp. 580-623 in: D. H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis OR. pp.
Abstract:


Sallabanks, R., B. G. Marcot, R. A. Riggs, C. A. Mehl, and E. B. Arnett. 2001. Wildlife of eastside (interior) forests and woodlands. Pp. 213-238 in: D. H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis OR. pp.
Abstract:


Vander Heyden, M., and B. G. Marcot. 2001. Terrestrial and marine management activities: links to habitat elements and ecological processes. Pp. 501-511 in: D. H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis OR. pp.
Abstract:


Cederholm, C. J., D. H. Johnson, R. E. Bilby, L. G. Dominguez, A. M. Garrett, W. H. Graeber, E. L. Greda, M. D. Kunze, B. G. Marcot, J. F. Palmisano, R. W. Plotnikoff, W. G. Pearcy, C. A. Simenstad, and P. C. Trotter. 2000. Pacific salmon and wildlife - ecological contexts, relationships, and implications for management. Special Edition Technical Report, prepared for D.H. Johnson and T.A. O'Neil (Manag. Dirs.), Wildlife-Habitat Relationships in Oregon and Washington. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington. 141 pp. 
Abstract:


Cooperrider, A., R. F. Noss, H. H. Welsh, Jr, C. Carroll, W. Zielinski, D. Olson, S. K. Nelson, and B. G. Marcot. 2000. Terrestrial fauna of redwood forests. Pp. 119-163 in: R. F. Noss, ed. The redwood forest. Island Press, Washington, D.C. 339 pp.
Abstract:


Johnson, D. H., and B. G. Marcot. 2000. Survey techniques for the world's owls - fundamentals to conservation. Unpublished report. pp. 
Abstract:
Surveying for owls is fundamental to their conservation. Many techniques to determine the presence (or absence) of owls have been developed. Likewise, a number of techniques are being used to find owl nests and study the demographic performance of owls. Survey techniques differ with the species of owl being surveyed, their habitats, their nocturnal/diurnal habits, the tools and technology available to the surveyors, and the safety concerns of the surveyors. The purpose of this study is to develop an information system around the techniques for locating and studying basic demographic aspects of the owls of the world. Summaries from this work will provide methodologies and technologies that have proven successful (as well as unsuccessful) in studying owls across the globe. This project is just beginning; the Owls 2000 conference as a good means to begin collecting materials for this project. Of particular interest, the authors are desiring copies of survey protocols, published or unpublished survey techniques, and reports/notes on successful (and unsuccessful) survey efforts. The authors will be providing a "Survey Techniques Form" at the conference to solicit specific information. As part of this project, the authors will also be developing a network of owl researchers from around the world with experience, or an interest, in survey techniques.

Kumar, A., A. Saxena, B. G. Marcot, V. B. Sawarkar, P. S. Roy, P. K. Mathur, and S. P. Singh. 2000. Forest fragmentation in the tropical forest ecosystem of Garo Hills, Meghalaya, northeast India. Pp. 174-196 In: P. S. Roy, S. Singh, and A. G. Toxopeus (Ed.). Proceedings of a workshop on Biodiversity and Environment: Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Perspective. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, National Remote Sensing Agency, Dehra Dun, India. 220 + xii pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., D. I. Rumiz, and T. S. Fredericksen. 2000. Definicion de redes de areas protegidas forestales: un manual para la delimitacion de areas protegidas forestales en los bosques manajados de las tierras bajas de Bolivia. [Defining forest protected area networks -- a handbook for delineating forest protected areas in managed forests of lowland Bolivia. In Spanish] Documento Téchnico 87/2000, Contrato USAID: 511-0621-C-00-3027. Proyecto BOLFOR (Bolivia Sustainable Forest Management Project de USAID y Chemonics International). Santa Cruz, Bolivia. 27 pp. 
Abstract:


Sawyer, J. O., J. Gray, G. J. West, D. Thornburgh, R. F. Noss, J. H. Engbeck, Jr, B. G. Marcot, and R. Raymond. 2000. History of redwood and redwood forests. Pp. 7-38 in: R. F. Noss, ed. The redwood forest. Island Press, Washington, D.C. 339 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1998. Assessing the connectivity of habitat patches by matrix analysis and graph theory. Analysis Notes 8(1):12-16. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., D. I. Rumiz, and T. S. Fredericksen. 1998. Defining forest protected area networks -- a handbook for delineating forest protected areas in managed forests of lowland Bolivia. Conservation International, Washington, D.C., and Bolfor (Bolivian Forest Servce, Santa Cruz, Bolivia), 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., L. K. Croft, J. F. Lehmkuhl, R. H. Naney, C. G. Niwa, W. R. Owen, and R. E. Sandquist. 1998. Macroecology, paleoecology, and ecological integrity of terrestrial species and communities of the interior Columbia River Basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-410. USDA Forest Service. Portland OR. 131 pp. 
Abstract:
This report presents information on biogeography and broad-scale ecology (macroecology) of selected fungi, lichens, bryophytes, vascular plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates of the interior Columbia River Basin and adjacent areas. Rare plants include many edemics associated with local conditions. Potential plant and invertebrate bioindicators are identified. Species ecological functions vary among communities and variously affect ecosystem diversity and productivity. Species of alpine and subalpine communities are identified that may be at risk from climate change. Maps of terrestrial ecological integrity are presented.

Marcot, B. G. 1998. Modeling species-environment relations (SER): key ecological functions and key environmental correlates of terrestrial species of the interior Columbia River basin. Poster and abstract, presented at: Landscape management of Pacific Northwest forests: exploring practical tools for managers. 19-20 February 1998. Olympia WA. pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1998. Selecting appropriate statistical procedures and asking the right questions: a synthesis. Pp. 129-142 in: V. Sit and B. Taylor, ed. Statistical methods for adaptive management studies. B.C. Ministry of Forests Research Branch. http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/docs/lmh/lmh42.htm, Victoria, B.C. 146 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1998. Terrestrial biodiversity and ecological functions. Poster and abstract, presented at: Landscape management of Pacific Northwest forests: exploring practical tools for managers. 19-20 February 1998. Olympia WA. pp. 
Abstract:


Morrison, M. L., B. G. Marcot, and R. W. Mannan. 1998. Wildlife-habitat relationships: concepts and applications. Second edition. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI. 435 pp. 
Abstract:


Raphael, M. G., B. G. Marcot, R. S. Holthausen, and M. J. Wisdom. 1998. Terrestrial species and habitats. J. Forestry 96(10):22-27. 
Abstract:
The assessment of interior Columbia basin terrestrial species compared prehistoric, historical, and current terrestrial environments and plant and animal communities and looked closely at habitat changes that would affect sensitive vertebrates. We then projected three management scenarios and estimated future distributions of forest cover and other habitat elements on the viability of plant and animal populations. Among the implications for biodiversity conservation strategies: identifying and managing groups of species with similar ecological functions may be more effective than managing individual keystone species. The assessment also revealed gaps in our scientific knowledge of biodiversity in the region.

Kowalewski, M., E. Dyreson, J. D. Marcot, J. A. Vargas, K. W. Flessa, and D. P. Hallman. 1997. Phenetic discrimination of biometric simpletons: paleobiological implications of morphospecies in the lingulide brachiopod Glottidia. Paleobiology 23(4):444-469. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1997. Biodiversity of old forests of the west: a lesson from our elders. Pp. 88-105 in: K. A. Kohm and J. F. Franklin, ed. Creating a forestry for the 21st century: the science of ecosystem management. Island Press, Washington, D.C. 475 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1997. Of models and management: an anagramic commentary. Analysis Notes (USDA Forest Service, Washington Office/Ecosystem Management Analysis Center, Fort Collins, CO) 7(2):22-23. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and J. W. Thomas. 1997. Of spotted owls, old growth, and new policies: a history since the Interagency Scientific Committee report. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-408. USDA Forest Service. Portland OR. 34 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1997. Research information needs on terrestrial vertebrate species of the interior Columbia River Basin and northern portions of the Klamath and Great Basins. Research Note PNW-RN-522. Abstract and database available on-line at URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/marcot.html. USDA Forest Service. Portland OR. 29 pp. 
Abstract:
Research information needs on selected invertebrates and all vertebrates of the interior Columbia River Basin and adjacent areas in the U.S. were collected into a Research, Development, and Application database as part of the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project. The database includes 482 potential research study topics on 232 individual species and 18 species groups of animals, representing significant gaps in scientific knowledge. Research study topics in the database can be retrieved by use of keyword searches. Keyword subjects include basic ecology, distribution, inventory and monitoring, environmental disturbance, effects of land use management activities, and other topics. Research study topics can be prioritized once a land management plan is in place for the Basin and an assessment is conducted of risk management on species and their environments.

Marcot, B. G. 1997. Species-environment relations (SER) database. Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project, USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management. Database available on-line at URL: http://www.icbemp.gov/spatial/metadata/databases/dbase.html 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1997. The species-environment relations (SER) database: an overview and some cautions in its use. Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project, USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management. Database documentation available on-line at URL: http://www.icbemp.gov/spatial/metadata/databases/792aux2.html 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1997. The species-environment relations (SER) modeling approach of the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project. Analysis Notes (USDA Forest Service, Washington Office/Ecosystem Management Analysis Center, Fort Collins, CO) 7(2):11-15. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., S. S. Ganzei, T. Zhang, and B. A. Voronov. 1997. A sustainable plan for conserving forest biodiversity in Far East Russia and northeast China. The Forestry Chronicle 73(5):565-571. 
Abstract:
An ongoing, trinational project is providing the first environmentally sustainable economic development plan for the Ussuri River watershed (URW) in Far East Russia and northeast China. The URW is host to a unique mix of northern taiga and southern subtropical biota, and contains many endemic, relict, and highly threatened species of plants and animals. In Russia, severe monetary inflation and a shift to a market economy have left some aspects of forest biodiversity in jeopardy, particularly policing for wildlife poachers, regulating CITES (international wildlife trafficking) violations, ensuring long-term sustained production of timber and non-timber forest products, protecting unique habitats, and adequately staffing scientific reserves and funding needed research. In China, broad scale conversion of remaining wetlands to agriculture and rice paddies, and of diverse native forests to intensively managed, monocultural plantations, is helping to sustain the economy but is sacrificing biodiversity. A proposed sustainable land use plan has (1) mapped resource use areas, including both proposed and existing transborder nature areas, (2) encouraged foreign investment in both countries, and (3) encouraged sustainable development of natural resource markets that will be compatible with long-term conservation of biodiversity. A hallmark of this plan is integrating the needs of the people with the capacity of the land through both environmental protection and wise resource use.

Marcot, B. G., M. A. Castellano, J. A. Christy, L. K. Croft, J. F. Lehmkuhl, R. H. Naney, K. Nelson, C. G. Niwa, R. E. Rosentreter, R. E. Sandquist, B. C. Wales, and E. Zieroth. 1997. Terrestrial ecology assessment. Pp. 1497-1713 in: T. M. Quigley and S. J. Arbelbide, ed. An assessment of ecosystem components in the interior Columbia Basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins. Volume III. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-405. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. 1713 pp.
Abstract:


Quigley, T. M., D. C. Lee, R. W. Haynes, J. R. Sedell, R. S. Holthausen, W. J. Hann, B. E. Rieman, B. G. Marcot, and A. L. Horne. 1997. Chapter 7. Ecological integrity, socioeconomic resiliency, and trends in risk. Pp. 836-897 in: T. M. Quigley, K. M. Lee, and S. J. Arbelbide, ed. Evaluation of EIS alternatives by the Science Integration Team, Volume II. USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management, Portland, OR. pp.
Abstract:


Haynes, R. W., R. T. Graham, and T. M. Quigley, ed. 1996. A framework for ecosystem management in the Interior Columbia Basin. Gen. Tech. Rpt. PNW-GTR-374. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon. 68 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1996. An ecosystem context for bat management: a case study of the interior Columbia River Basin, U.S.A. Pp. 19-36 in: R. M. R. Barclay and R. M. Brigham, ed. Bats and forests symposium: October 19-21, 1995, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C., Canada. pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1996. Interior Columbia Basin wildlife watch list: locally extirpated or declining wildlife taxa of the interior Columbia River Basin and northern portions of the Klamath and Great Basins. USDA Forest Service, Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project, internal report. Portland, OR. 4 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1996. Monitoring wildlife: reaching for the ideal in a real world. Natural Resources News (Blue Mountains Natural Resources Institute, Oregon) Fall:7-8,11. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and D. D. Murphy. 1996. On population viability analysis and management. Pp. 58-76 in: R. C. Szaro and D. W. Johnston, ed. Biodiversity in managed landscapes theory and practice. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford. 778 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1996. Report on tigers and leopards of the Russian Far East and northeast China. Report dated 21 July 1994. International Tiger Information Center Internet World Wide Web site www.5tigers.org/marcot1.htm 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1996. Tiger habitat corridors in Far East Russia, northeast China, and northern North Korea: need for a conservation strategy. Report dated 2 September 1995. International Tiger Information Center Internet World Wide Web site www.5tigers.org/marcot2.htm 
Abstract:


Quigley, T. M., R. W. Haynes, and R. T. Graham, ed. 1996. Integrated scientific assessment for ecosystem management in the interior Columbia Basin. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. PNW-GTR-382. Portland OR. 303 pp.
Abstract:


Salwasser, H., J. A. Caplan, C. W. Cartwright, A. T. Doyle, W. B. Kessler, B. G. Marcot, and L. Stritch. 1996. Conserving biological diversity through ecosystem management. Pp. 548-573 in: R. C. Szaro and D. W. Johnston, ed. Biodiversity in managed landscapes: theory and practice. Oxford University Press, New York. 778 pp.
Abstract:


USDA, ed. 1996. Status of the interior Columbia Basin. Summary of scientific findings. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. PNW-GTR-385. Portland OR. 144 pp.
Abstract:


Darden, T. L., and B. G. Marcot. 1995. Consultancy report. Project IND/92/007/A/01/99 Management and ecodevelopment planning capabilities. 28 Nov - 20 Dec 1995. Report to FAO on Terms of Reference (TOR). Food and Agriculture Organization. Delhi, India. 27 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1995. Owls of old forests of the world. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. PNW-GTR-343. Portland OR. 64 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and T. L. Darden. 1995. Suggestions for silvicultural prescriptions for wildife in managed forests of India. White paper. Wildlife Institute of India. Dehra Dun, India. 2 pp. 
Abstract:


Morrison, M. L., and B. G. Marcot. 1995. An evaluation of resource inventory and monitoring programs used in national forest planning. Env. Manage. 19(1):147-156. 
Abstract:


Mannan, R. W., R. N. Conner, B. G. Marcot, and J. M. Peek. 1994. Managing forestlands for wildlife. Pp. 689-721 in: T. A. Bookhout, ed. Research and management techniques for wildlife and habitats. The Wildlife Society, Washington, D.C. 740 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1994. Analyzing and monitoring population viability. Pp. 401-413 in: R. J. Kendall and T. E. Lacher, Jr, ed. Wildlife toxicology and population modeling: integrated studies of agroecosystems. Lewis Publ., Boca Raton FL. 576 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1994. Integrating environmental management through conservation strategies for threatened and endangered wildlife species. Pp. 79-91 in: J. Cairns, Jr, T. V. Crawford, and H. Salwasser, ed. Implementing integrated environmental management. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg VA. 137 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., M. J. Wisdom, H. W. Li, and G. C. Castillo. 1994. Managing for featured, threatened, endangered, and sensitive species and unique habitats for ecosystem sustainability. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-329. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Portland OR. pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1994. A review of progress in wildlife habitat modeling and assessment. Pp. 62 In: The Wildlife Society First Annual Conference, 20-25 Sept 1994. The Wildlife Society, Albequerque NM. 117 pp. 
Abstract:


Raphael, M. G., and B. G. Marcot. 1994. Species and ecosystem viability: key questions and issues. J. Forestry 92(4):45-47. 
Abstract:


FEMAT. 1993. Forest ecosystem management: an ecological, economic, and social assessment. Report of the Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. (chapters numbered separately) pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1993. Conservation of forests of India: an ecologist's tour. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland OR. 127 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., M. J. Wisdom, H. W. Li, and G. C. Castillo. 1993. Managing for featured, threatened, endangered, and sensitive species and unique habitats for ecosystem sustainability. Pp. 175-213 in: P. F. Hessburg, ed. Eastside forest ecosystem health assessment. Volume III: assessment. (Also reprinted as Gen. Tech. Rpt. PNW-GTR-329, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland OR, February 1994). USDA Forest Service, Wenatchee WA. pp.
Abstract:


Thomas, J. W., M. G. Raphael, R. G. Anthony, E. D. Forsman, A. G. Gunderson, R. S. Holthausen, B. G. Marcot, G. H. Reeves, J. R. Sedell, and D. M. Solis. 1993. Viability assessments and management considerations for species associated with late-successional and old-growth forests of the Pacific Northwest. USDA Forest Service. U.S. Govt. Print. Office, Washington, D.C. 530 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1992. Conservation of Indian forests. Cons. Biol. 6(1):12-16. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1992. Panel discussion (moderator). In: A Symposium on the Biology, Conservation, and Management of the Northern Spotted Owl, 12 November 1992, Raptor Research Foundation Conference. Bellevue WA. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1992. Programs for risk analysis. Natural Resources Computer Newsletter 6(7):6-7. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1992. Putting data, experience, and professional judgment to work in making land management decisions. Pp. 139-161 in: J. Nyberg and W. Kessler, ed. Integrating timber and wildlife in forest landscapes: a matter of scale. Proceedings of the Habitat Futures workshop at Pack Experimental Forest, Eatonville, Washington, October 16-20, 1989. BC Ministry of Forests, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. 161 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1992. Snag Recruitment Simulator, Rel. 3.1 [computer program], USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland OR. 
Abstract:


Meslow, E. C., C. Bruce, and B. G. Marcot. 1992. Historical perspective on the development of conservation plans for the northern spotted owl (1975-present). In: A symposium on the biology, conservation, and management of the northern spotted owl. Raptor Research Foundation Conference. Bellevue, Washington. (abstract only) pp. 
Abstract:


Morrison, M. L., B. G. Marcot, and R. W. Mannan. 1992. Wildlife-habitat relationships: concepts and applications. First edition. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI. 448 pp. 
Abstract:


Holthausen, R. S., and B. G. Marcot. 1991. Applying results of old-growth research to management: information needs, development of technical tools, and future research. Pp. 463-470 in: L. F. Ruggiero, K. B. Aubry, A. B. Carey, and M. H. Huff, ed. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. Gen. Tech. Rpt. PNW-GTR-285. 533 pp. USDA Forest Service, Portland OR. 533 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1991. Diagnosing stand treatment needs by expert system in the USDA Forest Service. Natural Resources Computer Newsletter 6(3):4-5. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and M. G. Raphael. 1991. Modeling habitat capability for northern spotted owls. Process documentation for USDA Forest Service Final Spotted Owl EIS. USDA Forest Service, Portland OR. 40 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., R. S. Holthausen, J. Teply, and W. D. Carrier. 1991. Old-growth inventories: status, definitions, and visions for the future. Pp. 47-60 in: L. F. Ruggiero, K. B. Aubry, A. B. Carey, and M. H. Huff, ed. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. Gen. Tech. Rpt. PNW-GTR-285. USDA Forest Service, Portland OR. 533 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1991. Representing uncertainty in expert systems: II. Assumptions and limitations of the likelihood approach. Natural Resources Computer Newsletter 6(1):8-10. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1991. SNAP II: A network planning model for the PC. Natural Resources Computer Newsletter 6(4):6. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1991. Software showcase '92. Natural Resources Computer Newsletter 6(6):4-7. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., R. Vora, and J. Lehmkuhl. 1991. Threatened forests of India: our future dilemma? Natural Areas Report 3(2):1,3-4. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and H. Salwasser. 1991. Views on risk analysis for wildlife planning and management in USDA Forest Service. Presented at Soc. for Risk Analysis Ann. Mtg., 8-11 Dec. 1991, Baltimore MD 
Abstract:


Salwasser, H., V. B. Sawarkar, T. Darden, R. S. Holthausen, W. B. Kessler, J. F. Lehmkuhl, B. G. Marcot, H. S. Panwar, M. G. Raphael, J. W. Thomas, and R. Vora. 1991. Conserving biological diversity in India's forests. Final report of the Wildlife in Managed Forest Project: Phase I. June 6, 1991, revised August 30, 1991. USDA Forest Service, Washington,DC. 
Abstract:


Williams, B. L., and B. G. Marcot. 1991. Use of biodiversity indicators for analyzing and managing forest landscapes. No. Amer. Wildl. Nat. Res. Conf. 56:613-627. 
Abstract:


Carey, A. B., V. E. Castellano, C. Chappell, R. Kuntz, R. W. Lundquist, B. G. Marcot, S. K. Nelson, and P. Sullivan. 1990. Training guide for bird identification in Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir forests. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. PNW-GTR-260. Portland OR. 28 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1990. Combining expert systems with geobased information systems. Natural Resources Computer Newsletter 5(2):4-5. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1990. ENDOW: A stream modification advisor. Natural Resources Computer Newsletter 5(5):1. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1990. Expert systems and GIS meet in USGS model. Natural Resources Computer Newsletter 5(1):7. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1990. Limnology, vegetation, and classification of Coast Range slump-formed ponds. Northwest Science 64(1):55-63. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1990. Management of plantation structure and composition for timber and wildlife. COPE Report 3(2):9-10. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1990. Representing uncertainty in expert systems: I. Use of likelihood estimates in knowledge base rules. Natural Resources Computer Newsletter 5(9):10-14. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1990. Seminar on wildlife in managed forests, Satpura Hills Biodiversity Project. WII Newsletter 5(4):15-16. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1990. Taking WHR to new heights. Newsletter California WHR Task Group. Unpublished report. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1990. Testing your knowledge base. (Reprinted from: AI Expert August 1987, pp. 42- 47). Pp. 438-443 in: P. G. Raeth, ed. Expert systems a software methodology for modern applications. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA. 460 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1990. Visualizing planning objectives on national forests. Natural Resources Computer Newsletter 5(7):3-4. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1989. Management of plantation structure and composition. Abstract in: Wildlife diversity and landscape patterns in northwest coastal forests, a workshop Sept. 14-15, 1989, Newport, Oregon. Pp. 61-65 In: Coastal Oregon Productivity Enhancement Project. Oregon State University, Corvallis OR. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1989. Silviculture expert system prototypes. Natural Resources Computer Newsletter 4(3):3. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1989. The TEAMS approach to resource scheduling. Natural Resources Computer Newsletter 4(4):1-2. 
Abstract:


Raphael, M. G., and B. G. Marcot. 1989. Historic, present, and future abundance of terrestrial vertebrates in northwestern California. Poster presented at Old Growth Symposium, 27-30 March 1989. USDA Forest Service, Portland OR. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1988. 1st-Class Expert Systems: 1st-Class. AI Expert 3:77-80. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1988. Expert systems for deer habitat planning. Natural Resources Computer Newsletter 3(4):7-8. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1988. Expert systems in wildlife management -- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. Natural Resources Computer Newsletter 3(5):4-5. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., R. S. McNay, and R. E. Page. 1988. Use of microcomputers for planning and managing silviculture- habitat relationships. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-228. USDA Forest Service, PNW, Portland OR. 19 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1988. With cultivation, knowledge trees can bear fruit. Government Computer News 7(10):74,77. 
Abstract:


Raphael, M. G., K. V. Rosenberg, and B. G. Marcot. 1988. Large-scale changes in bird populations of Douglas-fir forests, northwestern California. Pp. 63-83 in: J. Jackson, ed. Bird Conservation 3. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI. pp.
Abstract:


Ruggiero, L. F., R. S. Holthausen, B. G. Marcot, K. B. Aubry, J. W. Thomas, and E. C. Meslow. 1988. Ecological dependency: the concept and its implications for research and management. No. Amer. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 53:115-126. 
Abstract:


Ruggiero, L. F., K. B. Aubry, R. S. Holthausen, J. W. Thomas, B. G. Marcot, and E. C. Meslow. 1988. Ecological dependency: the concept and its implications for research and management. Trans. No. Amer. Wildl. Nat. Res. Conf. 53:115-125. 
Abstract:


Baker, R. J., and C. M. Schonewald-Cox. 1987. Management strategies for improving population viability. Pp. 73-87 in: B. A. Wilcox, P. F. Brussard, and B. G. Marcot, ed. The management of viable populations: theory, applications, and case studies. Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford CA. pp.
Abstract:


Crowe, V. M., C. D. Rader, and B. G. Marcot. 1987. CAPS: A pattern recognition expert system for analysis of the capnogram. Presented at Seventh Medical Monitoring Technology Conference, March 7-12, 1987, Vail, Colorado, sponsored by Ohio State University Department of Anesthesiology. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and R. Holthausen. 1987. Analyzing population viability of the spotted owl in the Pacific Northwest. No. Amer. Wildl. Nat. Resourc. Conf. 52:333-347. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1987. Habitat distribution for population viability. Presented at Biology and Management of the Spotted Owl - A Briefing for the Chief and Staff, Affected Forest Service Resource Staffs, and Associated Federal and State Agencies, July 27, 1987. USDA Forest Service, Rosslyn, VA. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1987. Journal of attempts to induce and work with lucid dreams: can you kill yourself while lucid? Lucidity Letter 6:64-72. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1987. Testing your knowledge base. AI Expert 2:42-47. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1987. Use of decision tree analysis for assessing wildlife-silviculture relationships. Unpublished report. USDA Forest Service 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., R. W. Lundquist, and V. Castellano. 1987. Vocalizations of selected bird species of northwestern California mixed evergreen forests. Unpublished report. Portland OR. 51 pp. 
Abstract:


Rader, C. D., V. M. Crowe, and B. G. Marcot. 1987. CAPS: a pattern recognition expert system prototype for respiratory and anesthesia monitoring. Presented at Westex-87 IEEE Expert Systems Conference, June 1987, Anaheim, California 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1986. Concepts of risk analysis as applied to viable population assessment and planning. in: B. A. Wilcox, P. F. Brussard, and B. G. Marcot, ed. The management of viable populations: theory, applications, and case studies. Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford, CA. pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., D. Carrier, and R. Holthausen. 1986. The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). in: B. A. Wilcox, P. F. Brussard, and B. G. Marcot, ed. The management of viable populations: theory, applications, and case studies. Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford, CA. pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1986. Summary: biometric approaches to modeling -- the manager's viewpoint. Pp. 203-204 in: J. Verner, M. L. Morrison, and C. J. Ralph, ed. Wildlife 2000: modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI. 470 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1986. Use of expert systems in wildlife-habitat modeling. Pp. 145-150 in: J. Verner, M. L. Morrison, and C. J. Ralph, ed. Wildlife 2000: modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI. 470 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., R. Holthausen, and H. Salwasser. 1986. Viable population planning. in: B. A. Wilcox, P. F. Brussard, and B. G. Marcot, ed. The management of viable populations: theory, applications, and case studies. Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford, CA. pp.
Abstract:


Marcot-Crowe, V., C. Rader, R. Hufnagel, and B. Marcot. 1986. Pattern recognition and expert system analysis of the capnogram. in: ed. (Perkin-Elmer Technical Symposium Proceedings). Perkin-Elmer Corp., pp.
Abstract:


Raphael, M. G., and B. G. Marcot. 1986. Validation of a wildlife-habitat-relationships model: vertebrates in a Douglas-fir sere. Pp. 129-138 in: J. Verner, M. L. Morrison, and C. J. Ralph, ed. Wildlife 2000: Modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI. 470 pp.
Abstract:


Salwasser, H., R. S. Holthausen, and B. G. Marcot. 1986. Implications of laws and regulations for viable population planning in the National Forest system. (Chapter updated 3 Feb 1989). in: B. A. Wilcox, P. F. Brussard, and B. G. Marcot, ed. The management of viable populations: theory, applications, and case studies. Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford, CA. pp.
Abstract:


Salwasser, H., and B. G. Marcot. 1986. Viable population planning: a planning framework for viable populations. in: B. A. Wilcox, P. F. Brussard, and B. G. Marcot, ed. The management of viable populations: theory, applications, and case studies. Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford, CA. pp.
Abstract:


Samson, F. B., and B. G. Marcot. 1986. Guidelines for measuring, reporting, and interpreting demographic parameters in spotted owl populations. In: Proceedings and summary of a workshop on spotted owl demographics, 28-29 April 1986. USDA Forest Service, Portland OR. 21 pp. 
Abstract:


Toth, E. F., D. M. Solis, and B. G. Marcot. 1986. A management strategy for habitat diversity: using models of wildlife- habitat relationships. Pp. 139-144 in: J. Verner, M. L. Morrison, and C. J. Ralph, ed. Wildlife 2000: Modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin. 470 pp.
Abstract:


Wilcox, B. A., P. F. Brussard, and B. G. Marcot. 1986. The management of viable populations: theory, applications, and case studies. Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford, CA. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1985. Habitat relationships of birds and young-growth Douglas-fir in northwestern California. Ph.D. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis OR. 282 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., R. S. Holthausen, F. B. Samson, and A. B. Carey. 1985. Management and assessment of northern spotted owl populations on National Forests in Washington and Oregon. In: Raptor Research Foundation Symposium on the Management of Birds of Prey. International Meeting, Session 11.:10. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., R. S. Holthausen, F. B. Samson, and A. B. Carey. 1985. Management and assessment of northern spotted owl populations on National Forests in Washington and Oregon. Presented at Raptor Research Foundation Symposium on the Management of Birds of Prey, International Meeting, Session 11. 
Abstract:


Neitro, W. A., V. W. Binkley, S. P. Cline, R. W. Mannan, B. G. Marcot, D. Taylor, and F. F. Wagner. 1985. Snags (wildlife trees). Pp. 129-169 in: E. R. Brown, ed. Management of wildlife and fish habitats in forests of western Oregon and Washington. Part 1 - chapter narratives. USDA Forest Service, Portland OR. 332 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1984. Winter use of some northwestern California caves by western big-eared bats and long-eared myotis. The Murrelet 65:46. 
Abstract:


Morrison, M. L., and B. G. Marcot. 1984. Expanded use of the variable circular-plot census method. Wilson Bulletin 96:313-315. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., M. G. Raphael, and K. H. Berry. 1983. Monitoring wildlife habitat and validation of wildlife-habitat relationships models. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 48:315-329. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and V. J. Meretsky. 1983. Shaping stands to enhance habitat diversity. Journal of Forestry 81:526-528. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1983. Snag use by birds in Douglas-fir clearcuts. Pp. 134-139 in: J. W. Davis, G. A. Goodwin, and R. A. Ockenfels, ed. Snag habitat management: proceedings of the symposium. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rept. RM-99. 226 pp. pp.
Abstract:


Bodin, P., W. Brock, P. Buttolph, H. Kelsey, T. Lisle, B. Marcot, N. Reichard, and R. Wunner. 1982. Are California's North Coast rivers really "wasting away to sea?" Northcoast Environmental Center, Arcata, California. 20 pp pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and P. Z. Chinn. 1982. Use of graph theory measures for assessing diversity of wildlife habitat. Pp. 69-70 in: R. Lamberson, ed. Mathematical models of renewable resources. Proceedings of the First Pacific Coast Conference on Mathematical Models of Renewable Resources. Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA. 107 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., K. Mayer, L. Fox, and R. J. Gutierrez. 1981. Application of remote sensing to wildlife habitat inventory workshop. Wildlife Society Bulletin 9:328. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and R. Hill. 1980. Flammulated owls in northwestern California. Western Birds 11:141-149. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G., and J. Gardetto. 1980. Status of the spotted owl in Six Rivers National Forest, California. Western Birds 11:79-87. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1980. Use of a habitat/niche model for old growth management: a preliminary discussion. Pp. 390-402 in: R. M. DeGraff, ed. Management of western forests and grasslands for nongame birds. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rept. INT-86. 535 pp. pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1980. Use of habitat/niche model for old growth management: a preliminary discussion. in: R. M. DeGraff, ed. Management of western forests and grasslands for nongame birds Gen. Tech. Rpt. INT-86. USDA Forest Service, 390-402 pp.
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1979. Axiomatization of a life history approach to the WHR. Unpublished report. USDA Forest Service, Six Rivers National Forest, Eureka CA. 13 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1979. California Wildlife/Habitat Relationships Program, North Coast/Cascades Zone. 5 vols. Pacific Southwest Region. USDA Forest Service, Eureka, CA. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1979. California Wildlife/Habitat Relationships Program, North Coast/Cascades Zone. 5 vols. Pacific Southwest Region. USDA Forest Service. Eureka CA. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1979. A simple model for predicting no. of spotted owl territories. Unpubl. ms. Six Rivers National Forest, Eureka CA. 8 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1978. Flora and fauna of existing and potential slump pond sites in Six Rivers National Forest with recommendations for management. M.S. Thesis, Humboldt State University, Arcata CA. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1978. Prolegomena of the spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) in Six Rivers National Forest. USDA Forest Service, Eureka CA. 47 pp. 
Abstract:


Marcot, B. G. 1978. The Wildlife/Habitat Inventory Matrix Program. Six Rivers National Forest. Unpub. rept. USDA Forest Service, Eureka, CA. 
Abstract:


 

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